Spójniki są niezbędnym elementem, gdy chcemy by nasza wypowiedź była jasna i klarowna.
Można je podzielić na
kilka grup:
1.
Dodawanie do głównej myśli
| and, | as well as |
| besides | Moreover, |
| Furthermore, | What is more, |
| In addition, | not only .... but also |
2.
Zdania względne
| who | where |
| that | which |
| whose | to whom |
| when | what |
| why | |
3.
Porównywanie
| but | However, |
| Although | despite |
| In spite of | Nevertheless, |
| On the contrary, | on the one hand |
| on the other hand, | whereas |
| whilebut | while |
| In contrast, | Neither...nor |
4.
Wyrażanie powodu
| because | as |
| since | This is why |
| because of | Due to |
| Owing to | For this reason, |
5.
Wyrażanie rezultatu
| so | so....that |
| such a...that | Therefore |
| Thus | Consequently, |
| As a result, | too...for/to |
| not enough...for/to | |
6.
Narracja
| First (of all) | At first |
| At the beginning | In the beginning |
| then | next |
| Before | After |
| After that | afterwards |
| When | While |
| during | Soon |
| prior to | immediately |
| Once | Suddenly |
| As soon as | on |
| No sooner....than | Hardly...when |
| Finally | Eventually |
| At the end | In the end |
| At last | To begin with, |
| until | |
7.
Wyrażanie celu
| to | so as to |
| in order that | so that |
| for (Non-specific) | |
8.
Wyrażanie opinii
| I would say that | In my opinion, |
| I think (that) | I believe (that) |
| Personally | Apparently, |
9.
Podawanie przykładów
| for example, | for instance, |
| For one thing, | this includes |
| such as e.g.. (for example) | i.e. (that is) |
10.
Podsumowanie
| All in all | overall |
| generally | In conclusion, |
| on the whole | in the main |
| To sum up, | |
11.
Podkreślanie czegoś
| especially | particularly |
| Naturally, | exactly because |
| above all | Whatever |
| Whenever | too / enough |
| The more .... | |