Czasowniki angielskie - English Verbs

I. Bezokolicznik

1. W języku angielskim bezokolicznik czasownika wyrażany jest przy pomocy słówka to:

to come
przyjść

to be
być

to run
biec

2. Istnieje grupa czasowników, tzw. czasowniki modalne, których forma bezokolicznikowa nie jest poprzedzana przez słówko to:

can
móc

must
musieć



II. Formy czasownika - podstawowe wiadomości

1. Każdy czasownik w języku angielskim - poza czasownikami modalnymi - posiada trzy podstawowe formy.

Infinitive	Past	Past Participle
play	played	played
do	did	done

2. Czasowniki w języku angielskim dzielimy na regularne i nieregularne. Regularne tworzą formę Past i Past Participle poprzez dodanie do bezokolicznika końcówki -(e)d.

Infinitive	Past	Past Participle
walk	walked	walked
smile	smiled	smiled
cry	cried	cried

3. Czasowniki nieregularne posiadają własne formy Past i Past Participle.

Infinitive	Past	Past Participle
go	went	gone
bring	brought	brought
cut	cut	cut

4. W języku angielskim, szczególnie w mowie, funkcjonują skróty niektórych form czasowników posiłkowych i ułomnych.

I am - I'm
he is - he's
she is - she's
it is - it's
we are - we're
you are - you're
I am not - I'm not
is not - isn't
are not - aren't
was not - wasn't
were not - weren't
do not - don't
does not - doesn't
did not - didn't
I will - I'll
will not - won't
I have - I've
you have - you've
he has - he's
we have - we've
they have - they've
have not - haven't
has not - hasn't
cannot - can't



III. Czasowniki to be, to have, must, can

- Odmiana czasownika to be - być

1. Czas Present Simple

Zdania twierdzące	Przeczące	Pytania
I am (Jestem)	I am not	Am I?
you are	you are not	Are you?
he is	he is not	Is he?
she is	she is not	Is she?
it is	it is not	Is it?
we are	we are not	Are we?
you are	you are not	Are you?
they are	they are not	Are they?

2. Czas Past Simple

Zdania twierdzące	Przeczące	Pytania
I was (Byłem)	I was not	Was I?
you were	you were not (weren't)	Were you?
he was	he was not (wasn't)	Was he?
she was	she was not (wasn't)	Was she?
it was	it was not (wasn't)	Was it?
we were	we were not (weren't)	Were we?
you were	you were not (weren't)	Were you?
they were	they were not (weren't)	Were they?

3. Czas Future Simple

Zdania twierdzące	Przeczące	Pytania
I will be (Będę)	I will not (won't)	Will I?
you will	you will not (won't)	Wille you?
he will	he will not (won't)	Will he?
she will	she will not (won't)	Will she?
it will	it will not (won't)	Will it?
we will	we will not (won't)	Will we?
you will	you will not (won't)	Will you?
they will	they will not (won't)	Will they?

- Odmiana czasownika to have - mieć.

1. Czas Present Simple

Zdania twierdzące	Przeczące	Pytania
I have (Mam)	I have not (haven't)	Have I?
you have	you have not (haven't)	Have you?
he has	he has not (hasn't)	Has he?
she has	she has not (hasn't)	Has she?
it has	it has not (hasn't)	Has it?
we have	we have not (haven't)	Have we?
you have	you have not (haven't)	Have you?
they have	they have not (haven't)	Have they?

- Odmiana czasowników can - móc i must - musieć w czasie Present Simple.

1. Zdania twierdzące

I can (Mogę)	I must (Muszę)
you can	you must
he can	he must
she can	she must
it can	it must
we can	we must
you can	you must
they can	they must

Uwagi:

- Należy pamiętać, że po czasownikach can i must piszemy czasowniki w formie bezokolicznikowej z pominięciem słówka to:

I must go.
Muszę iść.

She can run fast.
Ona potrafi szybko biegać.

2. Przeczenia

I cannot (can't) (Nie mogę)	I need not (needn't) (Nie muszę)
you cannot (can't)	you need not (needn't)
he cannot (can't)	he need not (needn't)
she cannot (can't)	she need not (needn't)
it cannot (can't)	it need not (needn't)
we cannot (can't)	we need not (needn't)
you cannot (can't)	you need not (needn't)
they cannot (can't)	they need not (needn't)

Uwagi:

- Przeczenia od can i must tworzymy przez dodanie do nich wyrazu przeczącego not.
- Forma przecząca czasownika must oznacza zakaz.
- Żeby wyrazić, że czegoś nie musimy robić, używamy formy przeczącej czasownika need.

I must do it.
Muszę to zrobić.

She mustn't go there.
Nie wolno jej tam iść.

We needn't come to school tomorrow.
Nie musimy przychodzić jutro do szkoły.

3. Pytania

Can I? (Czy mogę?)	Must I? (Czy muszę?)
Can you?	Must you?
Can he?	Must he?
Can she?	Must she?
Can it?	Must it?
Can we?	Must we?
Can you?	Must you?
Can they?	Must they?

Uwagi:

- Pytania od mustUwagi:

i can Uwagi:

tworzymy przy pomocy inwersji - przestawienia podmiotu i orzeczenia.

Can I come at 5?
Czy mogę przyjść o 5?

Must we do it?
Czy musimy to robić?